Essential Grammar Rules 2020

 Essential Grammar Rules

 1) A noun always takes a colon if it is to be defined or described.

✖ Inc:-Thursday, the most spiritual day for all Sai Baba devotees.

✔ Cor:- Thursday: The most spiritual day for all Sai Baba devotees.

2) The noun has to be in singular form if it is to be repeated after a preposition. The noun follows a singular verb.

✖ Inc:-Kingdoms after Kingdoms were conquered by the mighty Alexander.

✔ Cor:- Kingdom after Kingdom was conquered by the mighty Alexander.

 3) Nouns after one of should always be plural.

✖ Inc:-One of my friend is working with the United Nations.

✔ Cor:- One of my friends is working with the United Nations.

4) Cousin is never followed by brother or sister.

✖ Inc:-I love my cousin brothers the same way I love my own brother.

✔ Cor:- I love my cousins the same way I love my own brother.

 5) If a numeral adjective and a fraction of a noun are to be denoted, the noun is chiefly used with the numeral adjective.

✖ Inc:-The food provided by the authority is inadequate as it is just two and a half chapati and some dal for a day.

✔ Cor:- The food provided by the authority is inadequate as it is just two chapati and a half and some dal for a day.

 6) The initial letter of a proper noun (first, middle or surname) and adjectives made of proper nouns are always written with a capital letter.

Example: The most reliable friend of mine is Premananda Das who has always extended his selfless and timely help to me.

✖ Inc:-Premananda Das is known as the emran hashmi of our class.

✔ Cor:- Premananda Das is known as the Emran Hashmi of our class.

 7) Quotation marks are to be used around names of chapters, short stories and poems.

Example: Neel sir is highly adept in 'Permutation and Combination.' ✖ Inc:-Neel sir is highly adept in Permutation and Combination.

✔ Cor:- The famous story 'Winking Woman' is written by Charan Singh.

 8) Proper nouns can be used as common nouns. ✖ Inc:-Abinash Jena is Tendulkar of our colony.

✔ Cor:- Abinash Jena is the Tendulkar of our colony.

 9) A Collective Noun takes singular verb and singular pronoun if its collective sense is felt. ✖ Inc:-The board have taken their decision that Ishant Sharma should be dropped in the next match.

✔ Cor:- The board has taken its decision that Ishant Sharma should be dropped in the next match.

 10) A Collective Noun takes a plural verb and a plural pronoun if it no more gives its collective identity or individual of the group is focused. ✖ Inc:-The panel was divided in its opinion in the mining scam.

✔ Cor:- The panel were divided in their opinion in the mining scam.

✎ 11) Collective Nouns are always considered as neuter gender.

✖ Inc:-A bevy of young girls hold a candle march for the unlucky brave heart Nirbhaya. She is determined to get Nirbhaya justice.

✔ Cor:- A bevy of young girls hold a candle march for the unlucky brave heart Nirbhaya. It is determined to get Nirbhaya justice.

✎ 12) A Material Noun is viewed as a singular subject and has no plural form. ✖ Inc:-Irons are the most useful of all metals.

✔ Cor:- Iron is the most useful of all metals.

✎ 13) A Material Noun never takes an article before it. ✖ Inc:-The iron is used in all types of constructions.

✔ Cor:- Iron is used in all types of constructions.

✎ 14) An Abstract Noun is a singular subject and always takes a singular verb and a singular pronoun. ✖ Inc:-Angers and greeds are despicable elements in a person.

✔ Cor:- Anger and greed are despicable elements in a person.

✎ 15) Babies, lower animals and insects are considered as neuter gender if they are spoken in general. ✖ Inc:-The baby cries when he is hungry.

✔ Cor:- The baby cries when it is hungry.

✎ 16) All non living things take neuter gender.

Example: It is a book of just three hundred pages. ✖ Inc:-The doll is very dear to her. She takes her wherever she goes.

✔ Cor:- The doll is very dear to her. She takes it wherever she goes.

✎ 17) If non living things are personified and denote masculine or feminine characteristics, they shed of their neuter gender and take masculine or feminine gender according to the context.

✖ Inc:-Death has its unique way of meeting people.

✔ Cor:- Death has its unique way of meeting people.

✎ 18) Some singular nouns appear plural as they end in's' and 'es'. So, care should be taken to use singular verb and singular pronoun for them.

Example: Arts, Billiards, Draughts, Ethics, Economics, Innings, Mathematics, Mechanics, Measles, Mumps, News, Physics, Politics, etc. ✖ Inc:-Ethics are to be inculcated and learnt for leading a virtuous life.

✔ Cor:- Ethics is to be inculcated and learnt for leading a virtuous life.

✎ 19) some nouns have no plural form and are considered singular and hence take singular verb and singular pronoun.

Example: Advice, Bread, Business, Breakage, Crockery, Furniture, Information, Jewellry, Knowledge, Language, Luggage, Money, Mischief, Poetry, Postage, Scenery, Stationery, Wastage, etc. ✖ Inc:-Noor feared to keep her luggages in the cloak room.

✔ Cor:- Noor feared to keep her luggage in the cloak room.

✎ 20) Some nouns have no singular form and are considered plural and hence take plural verb and plural pronoun.

Example: Jeans, breeches, drawers, trousers, scissors, tweezers, pliers, pincers, glasses, etc.

✖ Inc:-Where have you kept my scissor? Find it fast.

✔ Cor:- Where have you kept my scissors? Find those fast.

✎ 21) Some plural nouns appear singular. So, care should be taken not to pluralise them and to use plural verb and plural pronoun for them.

✖ Inc:-The cattles of Kerela are stronger than that of Odisha.

✔ Cor:- The cattle of Kerela are stronger than those of Odisha.

✎ 22) Nouns denoting units of counting are not pluralised if definite numeral adjectives precede them.

Example: Dozen, Hundred, Million, Pair, Score, Thousand, etc. ✖ Inc:-The M.L.A donated twenty pairs of shoes and fifty thousands rupees to the football team.

✔ Cor:- The M.L.A donated twenty pair of shoes and fifty thousand rupees to the football team.

✎ 23) Nouns denoting units of counting can take plural form in the absence of a definite numeral adjective. ✖ Inc:-Hundred of people were stranded in the melee.

✔ Cor:- Hundreds of people were stranded in the melee.

✎ 24) Some nouns can be used as singular noun as well as plural noun without changing their form.

Example: Agenda, Aircraft, Cod, Carp, Data, Deer, Fish, Pike, Swine, Team, Trout, Swine, Vermin, etc. ✖ Inc:-Hundred aircrafts were used in a performance on the eve of Independence Day.

✔ Cor:- Hundred aircraft were used in a performance on the eve of Independence Day.

✎ 25) Apostrohe 's' is not added to nouns ending in hissing sounds to denote possessive case. Only an apostrophe is sufficient. ✖ Inc:-Rakesh's uncle is a gentleman.

✔ Cor:- Rakesh' uncle is a gentleman.

✎ 26) Apostrophe's' is not added to plural nouns ending in's'. ✖ Inc:-The king of Mauritius's reception was hold at the Rashtrapati bhavan.

✔ Cor:- The king of Mauritius' reception was hold at the Rashtrapati bhavan.

✎ 27) Personal possessive pronouns are formed without an apostrophe sign. ✖ Inc:-It was signed as 'your's Namrata'.

✔ Cor:- It was signed as 'yours Namrata'.

✎ 28) Indefinite possessive pronouns are formed by adding apostrophe's'. ✖ Inc:-In a hostel one has to take care of ones self.

✔ Cor:- In a hostel one has to take care of one's self.

✎ 29) A noun with several words takes possessive sign with its last word. ✖ Inc:-Manat is Shaharuk Khan's the actor's house.

✔ Cor:- Manat is Shaharuk Khan the actor's house.

✎ 30) If two or more nouns are in apposition then only the last noun takes the possessive sign.

✖ Inc:-It is sad to find that no one follows Gandhiji's, the father of the nation words.

✔ Cor:- It is sad to find that no one follows Gandhiji, the father of the nation's words.

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